[{"command":"settings","settings":{"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJx9jEESAiEMBD-0hDdlIS4okBQJWvh6vbhaHLzNdE9NKKg6feNIWxhqXP1VoaI4LTmSJn78cMP909Rmye2AfZhxc-98W1VAscxtxef5Ku7Y4cLNnOYnQWCZ_xdGqNSd1k2w49FRkvrYh2CBL4HRZOwla6L4AidfXKo","theme":"custom","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"a07c3568ddab4d102df114df4b3f0cce8ec210da3e77b107ca811405321696df"}},"merge":true},{"command":"add_css","data":[{"rel":"stylesheet","media":"all","href":"\/sites\/default\/files\/css\/css_ybQT1xvHYtSuJkjTktj8skVWiCkfy6MnnuIElj7C4Eg.css?delta=0\u0026language=nl\u0026theme=custom\u0026include=eJx9ikkSgCAMwD4k-KaK1akC7bTF7fV65uAtkySx4jhrE8gRNriG1My5jOZ3prrGqblzDR_vfUogTlx7XUCCZZqxD3aSoPb2AI0LVw9GD8bEcv8fjmCowcoLlgFIlg"},{"rel":"stylesheet","media":"all","href":"\/sites\/default\/files\/css\/css_gJvdSZJiOMLLTL4fQ_wkqxOCNy9jUDkxNzg9DTik3AI.css?delta=1\u0026language=nl\u0026theme=custom\u0026include=eJx9ikkSgCAMwD4k-KaK1akC7bTF7fV65uAtkySx4jhrE8gRNriG1My5jOZ3prrGqblzDR_vfUogTlx7XUCCZZqxD3aSoPb2AI0LVw9GD8bEcv8fjmCowcoLlgFIlg"}]},{"command":"add_js","selector":"body","data":[{"src":"\/core\/assets\/vendor\/jquery\/jquery.min.js?v=4.0.0-rc.1"},{"src":"\/sites\/default\/files\/js\/js_9m7Nce_-HKBO0UQw0tpsbN2_oAc1vfJ42RMo-cuDs-E.js?scope=footer\u0026delta=1\u0026language=nl\u0026theme=custom\u0026include=eJxLLi0uyc_VzyrWy00s0C3OyUxJLc7IL9dJhouXJCYBABITDks"}]},{"command":"insert","method":"html","selector":"#swiper__dock","data":"\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022swiper-wrap\u0022\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022swiper js-swiper\u0022 data-swiper-pagination=\u0022false\u0022 data-swiper-navigation=\u0022false\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cul class=\u0022swiper-wrapper\u0022\u003E\n     \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Csection  class=\u0022node node--type-hotspot map-slide map-slide--front\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__figure-hotspot\u0022\u003E\n                \u003Cimg loading=\u0022lazy\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/hotspot\/0361.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022746\u0022 height=\u0022477\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n\n\n\n                          \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__hotspots-list\u0022\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 5%; top: 5%; left: 50%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00221\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #1\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #1\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 3%; top: 30%; left: 63%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00222\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #2\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #2\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 4%; top: 11%; left: 70%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00223\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #3\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #3\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 4%; top: 11%; left: 30%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00224\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #4\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #4\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 3%; top: 63%; left: 12%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00225\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #5\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #5\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 4%; top: 45%; left: 97%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00226\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #6\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #6\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 3%; top: 48%; left: 15%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00227\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #7\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #7\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 4%; top: 45%; left: 50%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00228\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #8\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #8\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                              \u003C\/ul\u003E\n                      \u003C\/figure\u003E\n        \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n          \n          \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n            \u003Ch2 class=\u0022map-slide__title\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                Apotheek ca. 1840\n\n            \u003C\/h2\u003E\n              \u003Ch2 class=\u0022map-slide__title\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    Pharmacy approx 1840\n  \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\n            \n            \n\n                          \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-description\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                Klik op de objecten voor meer informatie\n              \u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-description\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                Click on the objects for more information\n              \u003C\/div\u003E\n            \n            \n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EDe revolutionaire ontwikkelingen in de chemie aan het eind van de achttiende en het begin van de negentiende eeuw hebben grote gevolgen voor de farmacie en de bereiding van geneesmiddelen in de apotheek. De toepassingsgerichte mogelijkheden van de nieuwe chemie worden in een vroeg stadium herkend door apothekers. De farmaceutische beroepsgroep houdt zich beroepshalve van oudsher bezig met het manipuleren van chemische, dierlijke en plantaardige substanties. Duitse en Franse apothekers vervullen een pioniersrol in de ontwikkeling van de chemische isolatie, analyse en productie van zuivere grondstoffen. Iconisch is de rol van de Duitse apothekersleerling Friedrich Sert\u00fcrner (1783-1841). Op basis van nieuwe chemische kennis probeert hij het werkzame bestanddeel van opium te isoleren. Na langdurig experimenteren lukt het hem in 1805 een kristallijne witte stof te isoleren. Hij geeft het een unieke naam:\u0026nbsp;morfine \ua7f7 naar Morpheus, Griekse god van slaap en dromen. Morfine is de eerste van een nieuwe groep van zuivere plantaardige stoffen, alkalo\u00efden genaamd, die in korte tijd na elkaar ge\u00efsoleerd werden (andere voorbeelden zijn kinine, coffe\u00efne en code\u00efne).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EDe uitdaging bij het gebruik van de nieuwe sterkwerkende zuivere stoffen zoals morfine is de geringe kennis over hoe ze precies gedoseerd moeten worden en wat de precieze therapeutische effecten zijn. Belangrijk voor het uiteindelijke succes van morfine als geneesmiddel is de ontwikkeling van een nieuwe medische techniek, de injectiespuit (1853). In de tweede helft van de negentiende eeuw neemt het gebruik van morfine als pijnstiller snel toe. Met de toenemende populariteit van morfine nemen ook de zorgen toe over de verslavende werking. Het misbruik van de stof wordt\u0026nbsp;betiteld als \u2018morfinisme\u2019, \u2018morfinezucht\u2019 of \u2018morfinomanie.\u2019 De introductie door het farmaceutische bedrijf Bayer\u0026nbsp;van het nieuwe geneesmiddel\u0026nbsp;hero\u00efne (diacetylmorfine)\u0026nbsp;lijkt voor even een beloftevol alternatief te bieden voor morfine. Dit blijkt tien jaar later een vergissing te zijn. Hero\u00efne is tweemaal zo sterk als morfine en heeft een aanzienlijk hoger verslavingsrisico. In 1919 komt hero\u00efne onder de Opiumwet te vallen en gaan artsen het steeds minder voorschrijven.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EThe revolutionary developments in chemistry at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century had major consequences for pharmacy and the preparation of medicines in pharmacies. The application-oriented possibilities of the new chemistry were recognized by pharmacists at an early stage. The pharmaceutical profession had traditionally been involved in the manipulation of chemical, animal and vegetable substances. German and French pharmacists played a pioneering role in the development of chemical isolation, analysis and production of pure raw materials. The role of the German pharmacist\u0027s apprentice Friedrich Sert\u00fcrner (1783-1841) is iconic. On the basis of new chemical knowledge, he tried to isolate the active ingredient of opium. After lengthy experimentation, he succeeded in isolating a crystalline white substance in 1805. He gives it a unique name: morphine \ua7f7 after Morpheus, Greek god of sleep and dreams. Morphine is the first of a new group of pure plant substances called alkaloids that were isolated in rapid succession (other examples include quinine, caffeine and codeine).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe challenge in using the new strong-acting pure substances such as morphine was the limited knowledge about how they should be dosed precisely and what the exact therapeutic effects were. Important for the eventual success of morphine as a medicine was the development of a new medical technique, the syringe (1853). In the second half of the nineteenth century, the use of morphine as an injectable painkiller increased rapidly. With the increasing popularity of morphine, there were also increasing concerns about its addictive effects. The misuse of the substance was termed \u0022morphinism\u0022, \u0022morphine addiction\u0022 or \u0022morphinomania\u0022. The introduction of the new drug Heroin (diacetylmorphine) by the German pharmaceutical company Bayer in 1898 seemed to offer a promising alternative to morphine for a while. This turned out to be a mistake ten years later. Heroin was twice as strong as morphine and had a significantly higher addiction risk. In 1919 heroin became regulated under the Opium Act and Dutch doctors prescribed it less and less.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/section\u003E\n     \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n                \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0361-001jpgwebpitokmwb3y9c3\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0361-001.jpg?itok=Z5fduNJq\u0022 title=\u0022Gaper als herkenningsteken van de apotheek (eerste helft 19e eeuw).\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0361-001jpgwebpitokmwb3y9c3\u0022\u003E\n          Gaper als herkenningsteken van de apotheek (eerste helft 19e eeuw).\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EDeze gaper stelt een Moor voor en staat symbool voor de exotische herkomst van opium in de apotheek. De tulband is versierd met een gouden pluim en een gestileerde halve bloem van de bolpapaver. Dit verwijst naar de herkomst van opium, dat in de apotheek verkrijgbaar was.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EThis \u2018gaper\u2019, hanging as a kind of signboard outside a 19th century Dutch Pharmacy, represents a Moor and symbolizes the exotic origin of some medicines in the pharmacy. The turban is decorated with a golden plume and a stylized half flower of the poppy. This refers to the origin of opium, which was available in pharmacies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-item js-tab-panel  js-tab-panel-active \u0022 id=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-1\u0022 role=\u0022tabpanel\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022image-tab-1\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmapsrottekruid-quotejpgwebpitokdkzkzciy\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/rottekruid_quote.jpg?itok=zMzuSJHp\u0022 title=\u0022Recept voor Kinderrust. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed. \u0022 \/\u003E\n\n        \u003C\/figure\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-item js-tab-panel \u0022 id=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-2\u0022 role=\u0022tabpanel\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022image-tab-2\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0361-002jpgwebpitokj1rpgwhg\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0361-002.jpg?itok=KxJsJOSS\u0022 title=\u0022Requies Puer \u0026#039;Kinderrust\u0026#039; Opiumstroop (c.a. 1800). Bron: Collectie Rijksmuseum Boerhaave.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n        \u003C\/figure\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n  \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-item\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-button js-tab-item\u0022 role=\u0022tab\u0022 id=\u0022image-tab-1\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-1\u0022 data-panel=\u00221\u0022 aria-selected=\u0022true\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium\/public\/maps\/rottekruid_quote.jpg.webp?itok=dKZkzciY\u0022 title=\u0022Recept voor Kinderrust. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed. \u0022 \/\u003E\n\n          \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003E\n            Recept voor Kinderrust. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed. \n          \u003C\/span\u003E\n        \u003C\/button\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-item\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-button js-tab-item\u0022 role=\u0022tab\u0022 id=\u0022image-tab-2\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-2\u0022 data-panel=\u00222\u0022 aria-selected=\u0022false\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium\/public\/maps\/0361-002.jpg.webp?itok=j1rPgwHg\u0022 title=\u0022Requies Puer \u0026#039;Kinderrust\u0026#039; Opiumstroop (c.a. 1800). Bron: Collectie Rijksmuseum Boerhaave.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n          \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003E\n            Requies Puer \u0026#039;Kinderrust\u0026#039; Opiumstroop (c.a. 1800). Bron: Collectie Rijksmuseum Boerhaave.\n          \u003C\/span\u003E\n        \u003C\/button\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n  \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-item js-tab-item-extra  js-tab-item-extra--active \u0022 data-panel=\u00221\u0022\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-figcaption caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n            \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n            \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022\u003E\n              Recept voor Kinderrust. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed. \n            \u003C\/span\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-item js-tab-item-extra \u0022 data-panel=\u00222\u0022\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-figcaption caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n            \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n            \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022\u003E\n              Requies Puer \u0026#039;Kinderrust\u0026#039; Opiumstroop (c.a. 1800). Bron: Collectie Rijksmuseum Boerhaave.\n            \u003C\/span\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EArtsen klagen vanaf 1860 in het Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde over \u0022deze allerverderfelijkste gewoonte\u0022 om kinderen het opiumhoudende \u0022stroopje rust\u0022 te geven.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EUit het populaire negentiende-eeuwse kinderversje over WIP-Flip (\u0027Flip lag geheel begraven. Men zag van hem niets meer. Slechts hoorde men hem roepen: \u0022Nu wip ik nimmermeer\u0022\u0027) valt op te maken dat het gebruik van \u0027verdoovende\u0027 middelen bij \u0027moeilijke en impulsieve\u0027 kinderen ingeburgerd is. Maar het wordt ook als risicovol gezien.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EFrom 1860 onwards, doctors complained in the Dutch Journal of Medicine about \u201cthis most pernicious habit\u201d of giving children the opium-containing \u201csyrup of rest\u201d. From the popular nineteenth century children\u0027s rhyme about WIP-Flip (\u0027Flip was laying at rest in his grave. Nothing was seen of him anymore. Only one heard him shout: \u201cNow I will never swing again\u201d) it can be concluded that the use of \u0027narcotics\u0027 substances in \u0027difficult and impulsive\u0027 children had become established. But it was also seen as risky.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-item js-tab-panel  js-tab-panel-active \u0022 id=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-1\u0022 role=\u0022tabpanel\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022image-tab-1\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmapsserie2-tinct-opii-f-ijpgwebpitok4jzm9rch\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/serie2_tinct_opii_f_i.jpg?itok=u5LOs07j\u0022 title=\u0022Opium Tinctuur. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n        \u003C\/figure\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-item js-tab-panel \u0022 id=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-2\u0022 role=\u0022tabpanel\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022image-tab-2\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmapsdscf3266-0jpgwebpitokolz-jkbt\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/dscf3266_0.jpg?itok=yc3gNcbj\u0022 title=\u0022Morphinicum. Bron: Collectie Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n        \u003C\/figure\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n  \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-item\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-button js-tab-item\u0022 role=\u0022tab\u0022 id=\u0022image-tab-1\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-1\u0022 data-panel=\u00221\u0022 aria-selected=\u0022true\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium\/public\/maps\/serie2_tinct_opii_f_i.jpg.webp?itok=4JZM9rCh\u0022 title=\u0022Opium Tinctuur. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n          \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003E\n            Opium Tinctuur. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n          \u003C\/span\u003E\n        \u003C\/button\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-item\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-button js-tab-item\u0022 role=\u0022tab\u0022 id=\u0022image-tab-2\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-2\u0022 data-panel=\u00222\u0022 aria-selected=\u0022false\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium\/public\/maps\/dscf3266_0.jpg.webp?itok=Olz-jkBt\u0022 title=\u0022Morphinicum. Bron: Collectie Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n          \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003E\n            Morphinicum. Bron: Collectie Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht.\n          \u003C\/span\u003E\n        \u003C\/button\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n  \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-item js-tab-item-extra  js-tab-item-extra--active \u0022 data-panel=\u00221\u0022\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-figcaption caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n            \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n            \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022\u003E\n              Opium Tinctuur. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n            \u003C\/span\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-item js-tab-item-extra \u0022 data-panel=\u00222\u0022\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-figcaption caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n            \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n            \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022\u003E\n              Morphinicum. Bron: Collectie Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht.\n            \u003C\/span\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EVanaf 1890 ligt de uitdaging bij het gebruik van de nieuwe sterkwerkende zuivere stoffen zoals morfine bij de geringe kennis over hoe ze precies gedoseerd moeten worden en wat de precieze therapeutische effecten zijn. De competitie tussen de zuivere stof morfine en de beschikbare opiummengsels (tincturen en extracten) laat zien dat zuiverheid en nauwkeurige dosering niet vanzelfsprekend van doorslaggevende betekenis zijn voor het succes of falen van de nieuwe preparaten op de medische markt.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EThe challenge in using the new strong-acting pure substances such as morphine was the limited knowledge about how they should be dosed precisely and what the exact therapeutic effects were. The competition between the pure substance morphine and the available opium mixtures (tinctures and extracts) shows that purity and accurate dosing were not necessarily decisive for the success or failure of the new preparations on the medical market. The cheaper pharmacy-dispensed opium preparations (such as opium extract, opium tincture, opium elixir and opium powder) continued to be preferred by prescribers and consumers alike for a long time.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmapsserie1-setjpgwebpitokvb3tdeli\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/serie1_set.jpg?itok=RX7cHDXr\u0022 title=\u0022Apotheek opiaten voorraad. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmapsserie1-setjpgwebpitokvb3tdeli\u0022\u003E\n          Apotheek opiaten voorraad. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EDe goedkopere \u003Cem\u003Emagistrale\u003C\/em\u003E \ua7f7 in de apotheek bereide \ua7f7 opiumpreparaten (zoals opiumextract, opiumtinctuur, opiumelixer en opiumpoeder) blijven lang de voorkeur houden van voorschrijvers.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EThe challenge in using the new strong-acting pure substances such as morphine was the limited knowledge about how they should be dosed precisely and what the exact therapeutic effects were. The competition between the pure substance morphine and the available opium mixtures (tinctures and extracts) shows that purity and accurate dosing were not necessarily decisive for the success or failure of the new preparations on the medical market. The cheaper pharmacy-dispensed opium preparations (such as opium extract, opium tincture, opium elixir and opium powder) continued to be preferred by prescribers and consumers alike for a long time.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps79-resource-document-museumboerhaave-v25762jpegwebpitokbna7mkkc\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/79_resource_document_museumboerhaave_v25762.jpeg?itok=xgU9-LV9\u0022 title=\u0022Injectiespuit (1850-1900). Bron: Collectie Rijksmuseum Boerhaave.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps79-resource-document-museumboerhaave-v25762jpegwebpitokbna7mkkc\u0022\u003E\n          Injectiespuit (1850-1900). Bron: Collectie Rijksmuseum Boerhaave.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EDe introductie van een nieuwe medische techniek in 1853, de injectiespuit, is belangrijk voor het succes van morfine als geneesmiddel. In de tweede helft van de negentiende eeuw neemt het gebruik van morfine als pijnstiller snel toe.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EThe introduction of a new medical technique in 1853, the syringe, is important for the success of morphine as a medicine. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the use of injectable morphine as a painkiller increased rapidly.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0361-005jpgwebpitok15-drm5\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0361-005.jpg?itok=05iO-UQW\u0022 title=\u0022Artikel in Morgenrood, zondagsblad gewijd aan wetenschap, kunst en letteren. Bron: Morgenrood, 18-06-1897 via Delpher.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0361-005jpgwebpitok15-drm5\u0022\u003E\n          Artikel in Morgenrood, zondagsblad gewijd aan wetenschap, kunst en letteren. Bron: Morgenrood, 18-06-1897 via Delpher.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EMet de toenemende populariteit van morfine nemen ook de zorgen toe over de verslavende werking en het misbruik van de stof, betiteld als \u0027morfinisme\u0027, \u0027morfinezucht\u0027 of \u0027morfinomanie\u0027.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EWith the increasing popularity of morphine, there were also growing concerns about its addictiveness and misuse, referred to as \u201cmorphinism,\u201d \u201cmorphine craving,\u201d or \u201cmorphinomania.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0361-006jpgwebpitokogrzron6\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0361-006.jpg?itok=rUfJg_Kh\u0022 title=\u0022Bayer Heroin (1898). Bron: Website DEA Museum.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0361-006jpgwebpitokogrzron6\u0022\u003E\n          Bayer Heroin (1898). Bron: Website DEA Museum.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EDe Duitse firma Bayer introduceert eind 19e eeuw Heroin (hero\u00efne of diacetylmorfine). Dit door chemici op basis van morfine gesynthetiseerde geneesmiddel wordt in de markt gezet als niet-verslavende pijnstiller (een veilig alternatief voor morfine) en als middel tegen hoest. Volwassenen en kinderen kunnen er gedurende de hele dag hun \u0027voordeel\u0027 mee doen. Het middel is internationaal een \u0027blockbuster\u0027. Pas vanaf 1910 groeit de kritiek vanuit de medische wereld op de grote risico\u0027s (verslaving, ademdepressie en dood) van het dagelijks gebruik van Heroin. In 1919 komt hero\u00efne onder de Opiumwet te vallen en gaan artsen het steeds minder voorschrijven.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EThe German company Bayer introduced Heroin (heroin or diacetylmorphine) at the end of the 19th century. This opiate drug, synthesized by chemists, was marketed as a non-addictive pain reliever (a safe alternative to morphine) and as a cough remedy. The Bayer marketeers claimed that adults and children could benefit from it throughout the day. The drug was an international blockbuster. It was not until 1910 that criticism from the medical world grew about the major risks (addiction, respiratory depression and death) of the daily use of Heroin.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0361-007jpgwebpitokhodx9xzm\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0361-007.jpg?itok=xHIKL0fR\u0022 title=\u0022Artikel over Druiven-Borstsiroop. Bron: Arnhemsche Courant, 1879 via Delpher.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0361-007jpgwebpitokhodx9xzm\u0022\u003E\n          Artikel over Druiven-Borstsiroop. Bron: Arnhemsche Courant, 1879 via Delpher.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EDe Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij maakt zich heel druk over de grote hoeveelheden aan \u2018geheimmiddelen\u2019 (geneesmiddelen waarvan de samenstelling geheim wordt gehouden door de producent). Deze worden aangeboden via de krant of zijn in de drogisterij vrij verkrijgbaar.\u0026nbsp;Ze bevatten vaak kleine hoeveelheden opiaten. Aanbieders van deze producten willen niet geassocieerd worden met de besmette term \u0027geheimmiddel.\u0027\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EThe Dutch Association against Quackery was very concerned about the large quantities of patent medicines, nostrums or \u0027secret remedies\u0027 (medicines whose composition was kept secret by the producer), which were offered through newspaper ads or were freely available in drugstores. They often contained small amounts of opiates. Providers of these products did not want to be associated with the contaminated term nostrum or patent medicine.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n\n      \n    \u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n","settings":{"nfm_settings":{"map":true,"type":"hotspot","dock_id":"swiper__dock"}}}]