[{"command":"settings","settings":{"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJx9jEESAiEMBD-0hDdlIS4okBQJWvh6vbhaHLzNdE9NKKg6feNIWxhqXP1VoaI4LTmSJn78cMP909Rmye2AfZhxc-98W1VAscxtxef5Ku7Y4cLNnOYnQWCZ_xdGqNSd1k2w49FRkvrYh2CBL4HRZOwla6L4AidfXKo","theme":"custom","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"a07c3568ddab4d102df114df4b3f0cce8ec210da3e77b107ca811405321696df"}},"merge":true},{"command":"add_css","data":[{"rel":"stylesheet","media":"all","href":"\/sites\/default\/files\/css\/css_ybQT1xvHYtSuJkjTktj8skVWiCkfy6MnnuIElj7C4Eg.css?delta=0\u0026language=nl\u0026theme=custom\u0026include=eJx9ikkSgCAMwD4k-KaK1akC7bTF7fV65uAtkySx4jhrE8gRNriG1My5jOZ3prrGqblzDR_vfUogTlx7XUCCZZqxD3aSoPb2AI0LVw9GD8bEcv8fjmCowcoLlgFIlg"},{"rel":"stylesheet","media":"all","href":"\/sites\/default\/files\/css\/css_gJvdSZJiOMLLTL4fQ_wkqxOCNy9jUDkxNzg9DTik3AI.css?delta=1\u0026language=nl\u0026theme=custom\u0026include=eJx9ikkSgCAMwD4k-KaK1akC7bTF7fV65uAtkySx4jhrE8gRNriG1My5jOZ3prrGqblzDR_vfUogTlx7XUCCZZqxD3aSoPb2AI0LVw9GD8bEcv8fjmCowcoLlgFIlg"}]},{"command":"add_js","selector":"body","data":[{"src":"\/core\/assets\/vendor\/jquery\/jquery.min.js?v=4.0.0-rc.1"},{"src":"\/sites\/default\/files\/js\/js_9m7Nce_-HKBO0UQw0tpsbN2_oAc1vfJ42RMo-cuDs-E.js?scope=footer\u0026delta=1\u0026language=nl\u0026theme=custom\u0026include=eJxLLi0uyc_VzyrWy00s0C3OyUxJLc7IL9dJhouXJCYBABITDks"}]},{"command":"insert","method":"html","selector":"#swiper__dock","data":"\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022swiper-wrap\u0022\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022swiper js-swiper\u0022 data-swiper-pagination=\u0022false\u0022 data-swiper-navigation=\u0022false\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cul class=\u0022swiper-wrapper\u0022\u003E\n     \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Csection  class=\u0022node node--type-hotspot map-slide map-slide--front\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__figure-hotspot\u0022\u003E\n                \u003Cimg loading=\u0022lazy\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/hotspot\/010122002408_1.jpg\u0022 width=\u00222974\u0022 height=\u00221990\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n\n\n\n                          \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__hotspots-list\u0022\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 3%; top: 45%; left: 73%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00221\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #1\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #1\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 4%; top: 53%; left: 62%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00222\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #2\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #2\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 3%; top: 49%; left: 45%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00223\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #3\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #3\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 4%; top: 30%; left: 19%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00224\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #4\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #4\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                                  \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-item\u0022\u003E\n                    \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 style=\u0022width: 3%; top: 54%; left: 45%;\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00225\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                        Naar hotspot #5\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                        To hotspot #5\n                      \u003C\/span\u003E\n                    \u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003C\/li\u003E\n                              \u003C\/ul\u003E\n                      \u003C\/figure\u003E\n        \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n          \n          \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n            \u003Ch2 class=\u0022map-slide__title\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                Apotheek begin 21ste eeuw\n\n            \u003C\/h2\u003E\n              \u003Ch2 class=\u0022map-slide__title\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    Pharmacy early 21st century\n  \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\n            \n            \n\n                          \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-description\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                Klik op de objecten voor meer informatie\n              \u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__hotspot-description\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n                Click on the objects for more information\n              \u003C\/div\u003E\n            \n            \n\n  \u003Ch2 class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n    \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n    \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022\u003E\n      Bron: Stadsarchief Amsterdam.\n    \u003C\/span\u003E\n  \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003ENa de Tweede Wereldoorlog blijft de farmaceutische industrie naarstig op zoek naar nieuwe pijnstillers. Dit leidt onder meer tot de chemische synthese door de Belgische arts en farmacoloog Paul Janssen (oprichter van het bedrijf Janssen Pharmaceutical) van de extra krachtige morfineachtige pijnstillers dextromoramide (Palfium) en fentanyl in de jaren vijftig. Vervolgens blijft het even stil aan het pijnstillerinnovatiefront. In 1969 komt daar verandering in met de introductie van ibuprofen als eerste van een nieuwe generatie zogenoemde niet-stero\u00efdale ontstekingsremmende pijnstillers (NSAID). Deze worden gezien als nieuwe wondermiddelen tegen pijn en ontsteking. Maar hoe meer mensen NSAID\u0027s slikken, hoe meer bijwerkingen aan het licht komen. Dit stimuleert de vraag naar nieuwe pijnstillers.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EDe ontwikkeling en introductie van een nieuwe \u2018vertraagde afgifte\u2019 pil, gaat vanaf de jaren tachtig en negentig het negatieve imago van opiaatpijnstilling veranderen.\u0026nbsp;In plaats van elke 4 uur kan je toe met 2 tot 3 x daags een vertraagde afgifte morfinetablet (MS-Contin). Het\u0026nbsp;succes van MS-Contin stimuleert het zoeken naar een uitbreiding van het winstgevende opiaten productenpakket. Midden jaren negentig introduceert Purdue het \u2018nieuwe\u2019 geneesmiddel Oxycontin (slow release oxycodon preparaat oftewel \u2018oude wijn in nieuwe zakken\u2019). De Purdue marketeers prijzen Oxycontin aan als een veilige en krachtige universele pijnstiller.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EArtsen besteden steeds meer aandacht aan de herkenning, diagnose en behandeling van pijn. Pijn wordt opgenomen als een vijfde vitaal klinisch teken, dat behandeling behoeft. Pijnscores in ziekenhuizen gaan meegeteld worden in de kwaliteitsbeoordelingen en vergoedingen in de gezondheidszorg.\u0026nbsp;Ziektekostenverzekeraars ondersteunen de nieuwe pijnbestrijdingsprogramma\u0027s. De (half-)synthetische opiaten of opio\u00efden worden zonder onderscheid gepromoot voor alle soorten pijnbestrijding, ondanks gebrek aan bewijs voor de effectiviteit van langdurig opio\u00efdengebruik bij chronische pijn. Nederland mag dan de dans ontspringen in vergelijking met de dramatische opio\u00efdencrisis in de Verenigde Staten, maar ook hier is sinds 2008 sprake van een vervijfvoudiging van het gebruik van opio\u00efden.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EAfter the Second World War, the pharmaceutical industry continued to search diligently for new painkillers. This led, among other things, to the chemical synthesis by the Belgian physician and pharmacologist Paul Janssen (founder of the Janssen Pharmaceutical company) of the extra-potent morphine-like painkillers dextromoramide (Palfium) and fentanyl in the 1950s. After that it remained quiet for a while on the painkiller innovation front. This changed in 1969 with the introduction of ibuprofen as the first of a new generation of so-called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers (NSAID). These were seen as a new panacea for pain and inflammation. But the more people took NSAIDs, the more side effects became apparent. This stimulated the demand for new painkillers.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe development and introduction of a new \u0027delayed release\u0027 pill would change the negative image of opiate pain relief from the 1980s and 1990s. Instead of every 4 hours you could do with a delayed release morphine tablet (MS-Contin) 2 to 3 times a day. The success of MS-Contin stimulated the search for new profitable opiate medicines. In the mid-1990s, Purdue introduced the \u0027new\u0027 drug Oxycontin (slow release oxycodone preparation or \u0027old wine in new bottles\u0027). The Purdue marketers touted Oxycontin as a safe and powerful universal pain reliever.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the 1990s American doctors first began to pay more and more attention to the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain was included as a fifth vital clinical sign requiring treatment. Pain scores in hospitals were included in health care quality assessments and reimbursements. Health insurance companies supported the new pain management programs. The (semi-)synthetic opiates or opioids were promoted indiscriminately for all types of pain relief, despite a lack of evidence for the effectiveness of long-term opioid use in chronic pain. The Netherlands might have escaped an American-like opioid crisis, but here too the use of opioids has increased fivefold since 2008.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/section\u003E\n     \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n                \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-item js-tab-panel  js-tab-panel-active \u0022 id=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-1\u0022 role=\u0022tabpanel\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022image-tab-1\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmapspalfium195919641jpegwebpitokaiy2hg-y\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/palfium195919641.jpeg?itok=plBDuaf3\u0022 title=\u0022Palfium (1959-1964). Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n        \u003C\/figure\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-item js-tab-panel \u0022 id=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-2\u0022 role=\u0022tabpanel\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022image-tab-2\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmapspalfium195919642-0jpegwebpitokamtfxine\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/palfium195919642_0.jpeg?itok=i0oV2d8s\u0022 title=\u0022Palfium (1959-1964). Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n        \u003C\/figure\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n  \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-item\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-button js-tab-item\u0022 role=\u0022tab\u0022 id=\u0022image-tab-1\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-1\u0022 data-panel=\u00221\u0022 aria-selected=\u0022true\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium\/public\/maps\/palfium195919641.jpeg.webp?itok=aIy2hG_Y\u0022 title=\u0022Palfium (1959-1964). Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n          \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003E\n            Palfium (1959-1964). Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n          \u003C\/span\u003E\n        \u003C\/button\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-item\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-button js-tab-item\u0022 role=\u0022tab\u0022 id=\u0022image-tab-2\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-2\u0022 data-panel=\u00222\u0022 aria-selected=\u0022false\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium\/public\/maps\/palfium195919642_0.jpeg.webp?itok=aMTFxINe\u0022 title=\u0022Palfium (1959-1964). Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n          \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003E\n            Palfium (1959-1964). Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n          \u003C\/span\u003E\n        \u003C\/button\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n  \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-item js-tab-item-extra  js-tab-item-extra--active \u0022 data-panel=\u00221\u0022\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-figcaption caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n            \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n            \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022\u003E\n              Palfium (1959-1964). Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n            \u003C\/span\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-item js-tab-item-extra \u0022 data-panel=\u00222\u0022\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-figcaption caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n            \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n            \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022\u003E\n              Palfium (1959-1964). Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n            \u003C\/span\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003ENa de Tweede Wereld oorlog slaagt morfine erin zijn positie in de dokterstas te behouden als een laatste keus pijnstiller bij zeer ernstige pijn, vooral bij kankerpati\u00ebnten in de stervensfase. Onderprescriptie van opiaten wordt de regel in de meeste landen. Opiafobie en morfinefobie worden een essentieel onderdeel van de naoorlogse geneeskunde, waarbij artsen (als poortwachters) het grootste risico lopen verslaafd te raken en geassocieerd te worden met het label \u0027morfinist\u0027. Met de exponenti\u00eble groei van chirurgische ingrepen en de sterke stijging van het aantal kankergevallen, is er een pijncrisis in de maak. De grote onbeantwoorde vraag naar pijnstilling stimuleert de zoektocht naar nieuwe pijnstillers door de farmaceutische industrie. In de jaren vijftig introduceert Janssen Pharmaceutica de krachtige morfineachtige pijnstiller dextromoramide (Palfium).\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EAfter the Second World War, morphine managed to maintain its position in the doctor\u0027s bag as a last-choice analgesic for very severe pain, especially in dying cancer patients. Underprescription of opiates was becoming the norm in most countries. Opiaphobia and morphinephobia became an essential part of post-war medicine, with physicians (as gatekeepers) at the greatest risk of becoming addicted and associated with the label \u0022morphinist.\u0022 With the exponential growth of surgical procedures and the surge in cancer rates, a pain crisis was in the making. The large unmet demand for pain relief was driving the pharmaceutical industry\u0027s search for new pain relievers. In the 1950s, Janssen Pharmaceuticals introduced the powerful morphine-like painkiller dextromoramide (Palfium).\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0360-002jpgwebpitokufdq-lsh\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0360-002.jpg?itok=x7dzbnig\u0022 title=\u0022Diefstal uit diverse apotheken. Bron: Het Vrije Volk, 28-12-1970 via Delpher.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0360-002jpgwebpitokufdq-lsh\u0022\u003E\n          Diefstal uit diverse apotheken. Bron: Het Vrije Volk, 28-12-1970 via Delpher.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003ENet als bij de oudere opiaten wordt Palfium ook opgemerkt door niet-medische drugsgebruikers en gaat onderdeel uitmaken van hun drugsmenu.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EAs with the older opiates, Palfium was also being noticed by non-medical drug users and became part of their drug menu.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-item js-tab-panel  js-tab-panel-active \u0022 id=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-1\u0022 role=\u0022tabpanel\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022image-tab-1\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps33897897-f6f64196e5b075732800b05d845a93b8567f63b0jpegwebpitokymkokoh7\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/33897897_f6f64196e5b075732800b05d845a93b8567f63b0.jpeg?itok=gw6NrTZs\u0022 title=\u0022MS Contin. Bron: Apotheek Thiels.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n        \u003C\/figure\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-item js-tab-panel \u0022 id=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-2\u0022 role=\u0022tabpanel\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022image-tab-2\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmapsmscontingesponsordeworkshop2jpgwebpitok3-mgdurf\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/mscontingesponsordeworkshop2.jpg?itok=DQsbCH_M\u0022 title=\u0022MS-Contin artseninformatie \/ reclame (1986), voorzijde. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n        \u003C\/figure\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-large-item js-tab-panel \u0022 id=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-3\u0022 role=\u0022tabpanel\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022image-tab-3\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmapsmscontingesponsordeworkshop1jpgwebpitokc8cvhyj0\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/mscontingesponsordeworkshop1.jpg?itok=GMznee3s\u0022 title=\u0022MS-Contin artseninformatie \/ reclame (1986), achterzijde. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n        \u003C\/figure\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n  \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-item\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-button js-tab-item\u0022 role=\u0022tab\u0022 id=\u0022image-tab-1\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-1\u0022 data-panel=\u00221\u0022 aria-selected=\u0022true\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium\/public\/maps\/33897897_f6f64196e5b075732800b05d845a93b8567f63b0.jpeg.webp?itok=ymKoKOh7\u0022 title=\u0022MS Contin. Bron: Apotheek Thiels.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n          \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003E\n            MS Contin. Bron: Apotheek Thiels.\n          \u003C\/span\u003E\n        \u003C\/button\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-item\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-button js-tab-item\u0022 role=\u0022tab\u0022 id=\u0022image-tab-2\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-2\u0022 data-panel=\u00222\u0022 aria-selected=\u0022false\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium\/public\/maps\/mscontingesponsordeworkshop2.jpg.webp?itok=3-MgdurF\u0022 title=\u0022MS-Contin artseninformatie \/ reclame (1986), voorzijde. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n          \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003E\n            MS-Contin artseninformatie \/ reclame (1986), voorzijde. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n          \u003C\/span\u003E\n        \u003C\/button\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail-item\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cbutton class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-button js-tab-item\u0022 role=\u0022tab\u0022 id=\u0022image-tab-3\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022image-large-tabpanel-3\u0022 data-panel=\u00223\u0022 aria-selected=\u0022false\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-thumbnail\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/medium\/public\/maps\/mscontingesponsordeworkshop1.jpg.webp?itok=C8CVhyj0\u0022 title=\u0022MS-Contin artseninformatie \/ reclame (1986), achterzijde. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n          \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003E\n            MS-Contin artseninformatie \/ reclame (1986), achterzijde. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n          \u003C\/span\u003E\n        \u003C\/button\u003E\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n  \u003Cul class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-list\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-item js-tab-item-extra  js-tab-item-extra--active \u0022 data-panel=\u00221\u0022\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-figcaption caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n            \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n            \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022\u003E\n              MS Contin. Bron: Apotheek Thiels.\n            \u003C\/span\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-item js-tab-item-extra \u0022 data-panel=\u00222\u0022\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-figcaption caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n            \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n            \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022\u003E\n              MS-Contin artseninformatie \/ reclame (1986), voorzijde. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n            \u003C\/span\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003Cli class=\u0022map-slide__image-caption-item js-tab-item-extra \u0022 data-panel=\u00223\u0022\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__thumb-figcaption caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n            \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n            \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022\u003E\n              MS-Contin artseninformatie \/ reclame (1986), achterzijde. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n            \u003C\/span\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003C\/li\u003E\n      \u003C\/ul\u003E\n\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EDe ontwikkeling en introductie van een nieuwe formuleringstechnologie, dosering met aanhoudende of langzame afgifte, gekenmerkt door het langzaam vrijgeven van specifieke actieve geneesmiddelverbindingen in het lichaam (\u2018slow release\u2019), gaat vanaf de jaren tachtig en negentig het imago van de opiaatpijnmedicatie veranderen. Het begint met de introductie van een preparaat voor de Engelse markt met vertraagde afgifte voor morfine onder de merknaam MST. MST wordt aanvankelijk beschouwd als een nichemarktproduct voor palliatieve zorg binnen het groeiende veld van hospicezorg aan het levenseinde. Maar dit verandert met de agressieve marketing door Purdue Pharmaceutical van hetzelfde product onder de merknaam MS-Contin. MS-Contin wordt op de markt gebracht als een revolutionaire stap in de behandeling van pijn bij kanker. Purdue Pharma maakte van MS-Contin een buitengewoon winstgevend product op de Amerikaanse en Europese markt van oncologische pijnbestrijding.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EThe development and introduction of a new formulation technology, sustained or slow release dosing, characterized by the slow release of specific active drug compounds in the body (\u0027slow release\u0027), is set to change the image of opiate pain medication in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It started with the introduction of a delayed release preparation for the UK market for morphine under the brand name MST. MST was initially considered a niche market product for palliative care within the growing field of end-of-life hospice care. But this changed with Purdue Pharmaceutical\u0027s aggressive marketing of the same product under the brand name MS-Contin. MS-Contin was marketed as a revolutionary step in the treatment of cancer pain. Purdue Pharma turned MS-Contin into an extremely profitable product in the US and European oncology pain management market.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0360-004jpgwebpitok6scb5kqe\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0360-004.jpg?itok=aGkPhsN8\u0022 title=\u0022Oxycontin reclame (1996). Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0360-004jpgwebpitok6scb5kqe\u0022\u003E\n          Oxycontin reclame (1996). Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Erfgoed.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EMundipharma, een dochtermaatschappij van Purdue Pharma, is in Nederland actief bij het promoten van het gebruik van oxycodon als snelle en krachtige opio\u00efde pijnstiller vanaf 2005. Maar het is vooral de verandering in de terughoudendheid bij het gebruik van opiaten als pijnstiller bij medische professionals die het verschil maakt in de Nederlandse context. Adequate pijnbestrijding in de eerste en tweede lijn wordt door alle partijen omarmt. Dit heeft een normaliserende en daarmee stimulerende werking op het opiatengebruik.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EMundipharma, a subsidiary of Purdue Pharma, had been active in the Netherlands in promoting the use of oxycodone as a fast and powerful opioid pain reliever since 2005. But it was mainly the change in the reluctance to use opiates as a pain reliever among medical professionals that made a difference in the Dutch context. Adequate pain relief in primary and secondary care was embraced by all parties. This has had a normalizing and therefore stimulating effect on opiate use.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0360-005jpgwebpitokdslpklf3\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0360-005.jpg?itok=OoRVQlDT\u0022 title=\u0022Oxycoden HCI. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Museum.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?4g3ttouvxmbs#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0360-005jpgwebpitokdslpklf3\u0022\u003E\n          Oxycoden HCI. Bron: Collectie Stichting Farmaceutisch Museum.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EBegin 1996 lanceert Purdue Pharma het \u2018nieuwe\u2019 geneesmiddel Oxycontin (een slow release oxycodon preparaat) in Amerika. Volgens Purdue Pharma is het\u0026nbsp; verslavingsrisico van Oxycontin klein en kan het veilig worden gebruikt als breedspectrum pijnstiller.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EOxycontin wordt agressief gepromoot door Purdue Pharma voor universele pijnbestrijding, ondanks gebrek aan bewijs voor de effectiviteit van langdurig Oxycontin gebruik in het geval van de meest voorkomende chronische niet-kankerpijn. In Amerika is directe consumentenreclame van geneesmiddelen toegestaan. Het gebruik van het opiaat of opio\u00efde oxycontin neemt exponentieel toe en voordat Amerika er erg in heeft zit het land in de eerste fase van een opio\u00efdenepidemie.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EAt the beginning of 1996, Purdue Pharma launched the \u0027new\u0027 drug Oxycontin (a slow-release oxycodone preparation) in America. According to Purdue Pharma, the addiction risk of Oxycontin was small and it could be used safely as a broad-spectrum pain reliever.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EOxycontin was being aggressively promoted by Purdue Pharma for universal pain management, despite a lack of evidence for the effectiveness of long-term Oxycontin use for the most common chronic non-cancer pain. In America, direct to consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals was allowed. The use of the opiate or opioid oxycontin increased exponentially and before America realized it, the country was in the first phase of an opioid epidemic.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n\n      \n    \u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n","settings":{"nfm_settings":{"map":true,"type":"hotspot","dock_id":"swiper__dock"}}}]