[{"command":"settings","settings":{"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJx9jEsSAiEQQy80wJl6AAcU6C7SaOHpdeOnWMwueS8VXwiYrnGImx9Qru4KW0kMSg4RiR9_XGn_NOgsuR12H6rczDvfVuVJNHNb8fd8FXfq9sJNDfIzWs8yzxeJFcJ6PtJIiN2gbkKdjk6S4EIfQsX-iB1Nxl4yUgwvopdrLQ","theme":"custom","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"a07c3568ddab4d102df114df4b3f0cce8ec210da3e77b107ca811405321696df"}},"merge":true},{"command":"add_css","data":[{"rel":"stylesheet","media":"all","href":"\/sites\/default\/files\/css\/css_uY_fbcl7R39X5wkovppMU3xWhM9T_xA1rnSEtGPF_aw.css?delta=0\u0026language=nl\u0026theme=custom\u0026include=eJx9ikEWwiAMBS8k9EyRpjUKJC_5VOvpdc2iu3kzU9R5WX0Y1UxP-tzKCGhbAmeVvuf7ALSnP7_mVMgg2mfdyFJUWXkO8RZjn-1BnjftSCFfzkXtvD4eijDF9QSmYE_Rfi7AVxk"},{"rel":"stylesheet","media":"all","href":"\/sites\/default\/files\/css\/css_bHKrw9ih6Rye2M6QChHN0sh5JVwA06XDiWFlRbk1u_c.css?delta=1\u0026language=nl\u0026theme=custom\u0026include=eJx9ikEWwiAMBS8k9EyRpjUKJC_5VOvpdc2iu3kzU9R5WX0Y1UxP-tzKCGhbAmeVvuf7ALSnP7_mVMgg2mfdyFJUWXkO8RZjn-1BnjftSCFfzkXtvD4eijDF9QSmYE_Rfi7AVxk"}]},{"command":"add_js","selector":"body","data":[{"src":"\/core\/assets\/vendor\/jquery\/jquery.min.js?v=4.0.0-rc.1"},{"src":"\/sites\/default\/files\/js\/js_7VYNMHTRd2R9oegLXy-1pPU_DXsol4zdKBesKO56h08.js?scope=footer\u0026delta=1\u0026language=nl\u0026theme=custom\u0026include=eJxLLi0uyc_VzyrWy00s0C3OyUxJLc7IL9dJhouXJCYBABITDks"}]},{"command":"insert","method":"html","selector":"#swiper__dock","data":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022swiper-wrap\u0022\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022swiper js-swiper\u0022 data-swiper-pagination=\u0022false\u0022 data-swiper-navigation=\u0022false\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cul class=\u0022swiper-wrapper\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n\n        \u003Csection class=\u0022node node--type-hotspot map-slide map-slide--no-image\u0022\u003E\n          \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n            \n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__poppy\u0022 aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Ch2 class=\u0022map-slide__title\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n                  De Methadonbus ca. 1981\n\n              \u003C\/h2\u003E\n                \u003Ch2 class=\u0022map-slide__title\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    The Methadon bus (approx 1981)\n  \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\n                \u003Cp class=\u0022map-slide__subtitle\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    De hero\u00efne-epidemie\n  \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n                \u003Cp class=\u0022map-slide__subtitle\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    The heroin epidemic\n  \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n              \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link map-slide__begin js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00221\u0022\u003E\n                \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EBekijken\u003C\/span\u003E\n              \u003C\/button\u003E\n              \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link map-slide__begin js-swiper__slide-to\u0022 data-slide-to=\u00221\u0022\u003E\n                \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EDiscover\u003C\/span\u003E\n              \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003C\/section\u003E\n\n      \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n                \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0357-001jpgwebpitokyywqzx8a\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0357-001.jpg?itok=I6LgjGSU\u0022 title=\u0022Gebruikers in Amsterdam (1980-1989). Bron: Collectie Spaarnestad via Nationaal Archief.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0357-001jpgwebpitokyywqzx8a\u0022\u003E\n          Gebruikers in Amsterdam (1980-1989). Bron: Collectie Spaarnestad via Nationaal Archief.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003ERond 1970 zijn er in Amsterdam niet of nauwelijks hero\u00efnegebruikers en maar een paar honderd opiumrokers. Maar in 1973 zijn er naar schatting al zo\u2019n 1500 hero\u00efnegebruikers in de hoofdstad. Over geheel Nederland stijgt hun aantal naar tussen de vier- en vijfduizend in 1974, tienduizend in 1977, en dertigduizend op het hoogtepunt van de hero\u00efne-epidemie in 1983.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EAround 1970 there were hardly any heroin users in Amsterdam and only a few hundred opium smokers. But in 1973 it is estimated that there were already about 1500 heroin users in the capital. Amsterdam. Across the Netherlands, their number rose to between four and five thousand in 1974, ten thousand in 1977, and thirty thousand at the height of the heroin epidemic in 1983.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0357-002jpgwebpitok1kdkvpku\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0357-002.jpg?itok=PfCIWTgA\u0022 title=\u0022Zeedijk, Amsterdam (1980-1989). Bron: anderetijden.nl\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0357-002jpgwebpitok1kdkvpku\u0022\u003E\n          Zeedijk, Amsterdam (1980-1989). Bron: anderetijden.nl\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EGebruik en handel gaan gepaard met enorme overlast op straat, zoals kleine criminaliteit en straatprostitutie van verslaafde gebruikers, die aan geld moeten komen om in hun behoefte te kunnen voorzien. Bepaalde wijken en straten in met name Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Heerlen en Arnhem worden haast no-go zones\u003Cem\u003E \u003C\/em\u003Evoor de normale burger.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EUse and trade of heroin were accompanied by enormous social disturbance on the streets, such as petty crime and street prostitution by addicted users, who needed money to meet their needs. Certain neighborhoods and streets, especially in the Dutch cities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Arnhem, were almost becoming no-go zones for normal citizens.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0357-003jpgwebpitoki17-mi9q\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0357-003.jpg?itok=eYf03YYP\u0022 title=\u0022De methadonbus (1982). Bron: Fotocollectie Anefo via Nationaal Archief.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0357-003jpgwebpitoki17-mi9q\u0022\u003E\n          De methadonbus (1982). Bron: Fotocollectie Anefo via Nationaal Archief.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EHero\u00efne wordt drugsprobleem nummer \u00e9\u00e9n als vanaf 1972 het middel rijkelijk verkrijgbaar wordt in Amsterdam en andere Nederlandse steden. In 1979 gaat voor het eerst een \u2018methadonbus\u2019 door de straten van Amsterdam om methadon te verstrekken. Methadon is een opiaat dat in 1941 in Duitsland is ontwikkeld. In de tweede helft van de jaren zeventig wordt het gepropageerd als afkickmiddel voor hero\u00efneverslaafden. De halveringstijd van methadon is aanzienlijk langer dan die van andere morfine-achtige stoffen zoals hero\u00efne, waardoor de gebruiker minder vaak het middel nodig heeft. Bovendien geeft methadon niet de gelukzalige \u2018flash\u2019 die hero\u00efne wel geeft. Vanwege het laatste geven veel verslaafden toch de voorkeur aan hero\u00efne.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EHeroin became number one in the 1970s in Amsterdam and other Dutch cities. In 1979, a \u0027methadone bus\u0027 drove through the streets of Amsterdam for the first time to provide methadone to drug users. Methadone is an opiate that was developed in Germany in 1941. In the second half of the 1970s, it was promoted as a drug for heroin addicts. The half-life of methadone is considerably longer than that of other morphine-like substances such as heroin. This implies that the user needs the drug less often. Moreover, methadone does not provide the blissful \u0027flash\u0027 that heroin does. Because of the latter, many addicts still prefer heroin.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0357-004jpgwebpitokr3c0rvzg\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0357-004.jpg?itok=AefGYSmg\u0022 title=\u0022Methadon gemengd met vruchtensap in bekertje (1972). Bron: Toronto Star Photograph Archive via Toronto Public Library.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0357-004jpgwebpitokr3c0rvzg\u0022\u003E\n          Methadon gemengd met vruchtensap in bekertje (1972). Bron: Toronto Star Photograph Archive via Toronto Public Library.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EAl voordat de methadonbus gaat rijden schrijven huisartsen methadon voor aan verslaafden. In de periode 1975-1980 verhonderdvoudigt de omzet van methadon in de Amsterdamse apotheken. Vanuit het buitenland komen gebruikers naar Amsterdam om methadon te scoren. Overigens niet voor eigen gebruik, maar voor doorverkoop. Bovendien zijn er enkele huisartsen die bijverdienen door op oneigenlijke gronden recepten uit te schrijven: \u00e9\u00e9n ervan verkoopt 2000 recepten aan een illegale drugshandelaar.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EYears before the methadone bus started driving, Amsterdam GPs prescribed methadone to addicts. In the period 1975-1980, the turnover of methadone in the Amsterdam pharmacies increased a hundredfold. Users from abroad came to Amsterdam to score methadone. Not for personal use, by the way, but for resale. In addition, there were GPs who earned extra money by writing prescriptions on improper grounds: one of them sold 2000 prescriptions to an illegal drug trafficker.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n  \n\n\n\n\n  \u003Cli class=\u0022swiper-slide\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Csection class=\u0022paragraph paragraph--type--hotspot-item map-slide\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__card\u0022\u003E\n              \u003Cfigure class=\u0022map-slide__large-figure\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0357-005jpgwebpitoksfk1pw1s\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cimg class=\u0022map-slide__image-large active\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/uncut_800\/public\/maps\/0357-005.jpg?itok=uOjZsJ3p\u0022 title=\u0022Spuitomruilsysteem (1989). Bron: Fotocollectie Anefo via Nationaal Archief.\u0022 \/\u003E\n\n    \u003C\/figure\u003E\n  \n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__content-inner\u0022\u003E\n                      \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003ETerug\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n            \u003Cbutton data-loc=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022button-link button-link--with-icon map-slide__back js-swiper__home\u0022\u003E\n              \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--arrow-left button-link__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n              \u003Cspan class=\u0022map-slide__back-text button-link__text\u0022\u003EReturn\u003C\/span\u003E\n            \u003C\/button\u003E\n                    \n          \n          \n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022caption map-slide__caption\u0022\u003E\n        \n\u003Csvg  aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022 focusable=\u0022false\u0022 class=\u0022icon icon--camera caption__icon\u0022  \u003E\n  \u003Cuse xmlns:xlink=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\u0022\n       xlink:href=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/custom\/dist\/images\/defs\/svg\/sprite.defs.svg?qf48zhkjxzbb#icon-camera\u0022\u003E\u003C\/use\u003E\n\u003C\/svg\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022caption__text\u0022 id=\u0022sitesdefaultfilesstylesmediumpublicmaps0357-005jpgwebpitoksfk1pw1s\u0022\u003E\n          Spuitomruilsysteem (1989). Bron: Fotocollectie Anefo via Nationaal Archief.\n        \u003C\/span\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022nl\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EDe overlast voor apotheken groeit navenant: apothekers (en artsen) worden onder druk gezet door \u2018klanten\u2019 en \u2018pati\u00ebnten\u2019 om ze recepten en middelen te geven; recepten worden vervalst op gestolen receptenpapier; er wordt ingebroken in apotheken. Amsterdamse apothekers en artsen slaan de handen ineen om de overlast te verminderen en gaan streng controleren op het gebruik van methadon. Uiteindelijk wordt de situatie onder controle gebracht door registratie- en legitimatieprogramma\u2019s, het organiseren van verstrekkingsprogramma\u2019s door consultatiebureaus en andere verslavingsinstellingen, spuitomruilprogramma\u2019s, en tenslotte het wegebben van de hero\u00efne-epidemie.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022map-slide__text\u0022 data-loc=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EThe nuisance for pharmacies grew accordingly: pharmacists (and doctors) were being pressured by \u0027customers\u0027 and \u0027patients\u0027 to give them prescriptions and resources; prescriptions were forged on stolen prescription paper; pharmacies were broken into. Amsterdam pharmacists and doctors were joining forces to reduce the nuisance and began strictly monitoring the use of methadone. Ultimately, the situation was brought under control by registration and identification programs, the organization of dispensing programs by clinics and other addiction agencies, syringe exchange programs, and finally the ebbing of the heroin epidemic.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003C\/section\u003E\n  \u003C\/li\u003E\n\n\n      \n    \u003C\/ul\u003E\n\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\n","settings":{"nfm_settings":{"map":true,"type":"hotspot","dock_id":"swiper__dock"}}}]